Python Fundamentals

• What is Python and why it’s popular
• Setting up the Python environment
• Variables, data types, operators
• Control flow (if-else, loops)
• Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets
• String manipulation techniques

Functions and Modules

• Defining and calling functions
• Parameters, arguments, and return values
• Scope and namespaces
• Creating and importing modules
• Using built-in modules (math, random, os)

Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes and objects
• Methods and attributes
• Inheritance and polymorphism
• Encapsulation and access modifiers

File Handling and Exceptions

• Opening, reading, writing, and closing files
• File modes and permissions
• Exception handling with try-except-finally
• Raising and managing exceptions

Data Structures and Algorithms

• Stacks, queues, linked lists
• Trees and graphs
• Sorting (bubble, insertion, merge, quick)
• Searching (linear, binary)

Web Development with Python

• Frameworks: Django and Flask
• Routing, views, templates
• Database integration with SQLAlchemy
• Web scraping using Beautiful Soup and Scrapy

Data Science with Python

• NumPy and Pandas for data manipulation
• Visualization with Matplotlib and Seaborn
• Machine learning with Scikit-learn
• Model training and deployment

Advanced Python Topics

• Regular expressions
• Functional programming (map, filter, reduce, lambdas)
• Asynchronous programming with asyncio
• Testing and debugging with pytest

Learning Outcomes

• Write efficient, reusable Python code.
• Build full-stack web applications.
• Analyze data and create ML models.
• Automate workflows using Python scripts.